Convert from English to Sindarin. Sindarin is one of the many languages spoken by immortal Elves. Tolkien created this fictional Elvish language (which uses Tengwar writing system) for the novel Lord of The Rings. Sindarin phrases, set out thematically. This is collection of useful (hopefully) Sindarin phrases, broken down by categories - so if you are looking for a simple 'Hello' or something more specific, hopefully you will find it here.

LESSON SEVENTEEN

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The demonstratives: Sina, tan(y)a, enta, yana.Inflecting the 'Last Declinable Word'. U-stem nouns. Ordinalsin -ëa.

QUENYA DEMONSTRATIVES

'Demonstratives'are such words as English this or that, with the correspondingplural forms these and those. Thus, they have a stronger meaningthan the mere article the (though in the languages of the world, manydefinitive articles descend from older demonstratives that were overused sothat their meaning faded). The demonstratives may be used together with nouns,producing phrases like 'this house' or 'that man'.

In LotR-style Quenya we have only onedemonstrative attested in an actual text: Cirion's Oath commences with thewords vanda sina, translated 'this oath'. The Quenya wordorder is actually 'oath this', sina being the word for'this': The root SI- has to do with present position intime or space (cf. such words as sí 'now' or sinomë'in this place' = 'here', the latter from Elendil'sDeclaration in LotR).

A word for 'that' appears astanya in an early 'Qenya' text published in MC:215, which has tanyawende for 'that maiden'. Here, the word-order is'English-style' with the demonstrative first and the noun itqualifies following it – the opposite of the word order seen in Cirion's Oath.Perhaps the word order is free, so that vanda sina could just as well besina vanda – and conversely, tanya wende could also be wendetanya? Be that as it may, we cannot be quite certain that the word tanyais still valid in LotR-style Quenya. The Etymologies lists TA asthe Elvish 'demonstrative stem 'that',' and the actual Quenya wordfor 'that' is given as tana. Since this form seems like aperfect counterpart to sina 'this', we will here use tanarather than tanya as the word for 'that' (though it is alsopossible that the 'Qenya' form tanya survived into the laterstages of Tolkien's conception). So given that vanda sina is 'thisoath', we must assume that 'that oath' would be vanda tana.Maybe we should update the 'Qenya' phrase tanya wende'that maiden' to LotR-style Quenya vendë tana (or wendëtana with the older form or archaic spelling of the word for'maiden'). Then we also implement the word-order seen in Cirion'sOath, with the demonstrative following rather than preceding the noun itconnects with: In the entry TA in the Etym, Tolkien actually described tanaan anaphoric word for 'that', meaning that it refers back tosomething already mentioned.

However, sina 'this'and tan(y)a 'that' are not the only Quenya demonstrativesknown. Though not actually observed in any Quenya texts, other demonstrativesare mentioned in Tolkien's notes. Another word for 'that' is enta,mentioned in the entry EN in the Etymologies and there describedas an adjective meaning 'that yonder'. The root EN itself issaid to be an 'element or prefix = over there, yonder'. Still lettingthe demonstrative follow the noun it connects with, we may perhaps construct aphrase like coa enta, expressing 'that house' in the sense of'yonder house', 'that house over there'.

It may be that Tolkien meant Quenya todistinguish three degrees of nearness or remoteness, as do certainlanguages of our own world. English typically only distinguishes two degrees,'this' and 'that': To simplify matters rather drastically,we may say that 'this' refers to something near the speaker, whereas'that' refers to something away from the speaker. But in somelanguages, the position of the listener is also considered. There aretwo words for 'that', one referring to something away from thespeaker but near the person addressed ('that thing over byyou') and another word referring to something that is not close to eitherthe speaker or the listener ('that thing we see over there'). Couldit be that in Quenya, tana as a word for 'that' refers tosomething close to the person addressed, whereas enta refers to somethingthat is remote from both the speaker and the person (s)he addresses?There is presently little or no evidence to back up such a theory, but we canat least be certain that the word enta clearly connotes the idea of'over there', 'that yonder', of something separated fromthe speaker by physical distance. It may be noted that one Sindarin wordfor 'there', namely ennas (SD:129 cf. 128), is understood torepresent an older locative form that could correspond to a Quenya word entassë= 'in yonder [place]'. (Perhaps tana is simply a more generalword for 'that', merely focusing on the special identity of someoneor something: 'that one' as opposed to any other.)

Yet another word for 'that' is yana,mentioned in the entry YA in Etym: After the gloss 'that', Tolkienadded a parenthetical specification: '(the former)'. Perhaps aranyana would mean 'that king' with the implication that we aretalking about a former king, now dead or at least no longer ruling. There maybe interesting contrasts between yana and enta as words for'that': In the Etymologies, Tolkien noted that the root YAsignifies 'there, over there; of time, ago'. He added that EN,the root producing enta, 'of time points to the future'. So'that day' may translate as aurë enta if we are talking aboutsome future day, not yet come, whereas aurë yana is 'thatday' with reference to some day in the past. (A 'neutral'wording, with no special implications, may be aurë tana.)

As for pluraldemonstratives, like English 'these' and 'those', we haveno attested Quenya forms. Yet the words sina 'this' and tana,yana 'that' do look like adjectives by their form (-nabeing an adjectival or participial ending), and enta 'thatyonder' Tolkien explicitly identified as an adjective (Etym, entry EN).So in all likelihood, we can inflect all of these words as adjectives, and thenwe can derive their plural forms simply by changing the final -a to -ë:

vanda sina 'thisoath' / vandar sinë 'these oaths'

nís tana 'that woman'/ nissi tanë 'those women'

coa enta 'that house [overthere]' / coar entë 'those houses'

aurë yana 'that day [inthe past]' / auri yanë 'those days'

As in thecase of normal adjectives with the ending -a, the plural forms in -ëwould represent archaic forms in -ai (vandar sinai etc.) Indirectevidence confirms that demonstratives could receive the plural ending -iin older Elvish: In LotR, in the inscription on the Moria Gate, occurs theSindarin phrase i thiw hin, translated 'theserunes'. Tolkien would have meant this to represent something like inteñwâi sinâi at an older stage – and in Quenya, an old pluraldemonstrative sinâi 'these' would first become sinaiand then sinë.

It is notclear whether the demonstratives discussed above could occur by themselves,independently, and not only in conjunction with nouns. Can we use

Sindarin Place Namessindarin Lessons